Time synchronization for an emulated CAN device on a Multi-Processor System on Chip

The increasing number of applications implemented on modern vehicles leads to the use of multi-core platforms in the automotive field. As the number of I/O interfaces offered by these platforms is typically lower than the number of integrated applications, a solution is needed to provide access to the peripherals, such as the Controller Area Network (CAN), to all applications. Emulation and virtualization can be used to implement and share a CAN bus among multiple applications. Furthermore, cyber-physical automotive applications often require time synchronization. A time synchronization protocol on CAN has been recently introduced by AUTOSAR. In this article we present how multiple applications can share a CAN port, which can be on the local processor tile or on a remote tile. Each application can access a local time base, synchronized over CAN, using the AUTOSAR Application Programming Interface (API). We evaluate our approach with four emulation and virtualization examples, trading the number of applications per core with the speed of the software emulated CAN bus.</p

Can the Kiunga MPA protect the Lamu fishery?

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedYoung Marine Scientists’ Day Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee (VLIZ), 24 février, Brugge, Belgiqu

Demand response of medical freezers in a Business Park Microgrid

This paper presents a demand response (DR) framework that utilizes the flexibility inherent to the thermodynamic behavior of four groups of independently-controlled medical freezers in a privately-owned business park microgrid that contains rooftop photovoltaics (PV). The optimization objectives may be chosen from the following 3 options: minimizing electricity exchanges with the public grid; minimizing costs by considering prices and RES availability; and minimizing peak load. The proposed DR framework combines thermodynamic models with automated, genetic-algorithm-based optimization, resulting in demonstrable benefits in terms of cost, energy efficiency, and peak power reduction for the consumer, local energy producer, and grid operator. The resulting optimal DR schedules of the freezers are compared against unoptimized, business-as-usual scenarios with- and without PV. Results show that flexibility can be harnessed from the thermal mass of the freezers and their contents, improving the cost- and energy performance of the system with respect to the business-as-usual scenarios.</p

Brood production in melipona mandacaia (Apidae, Meliponini).

The aim of this work was to follow the production of individuaIs and castes of Melipona mandacaia in a semiarid region of its natural occurrence

Bordetella avium cross-reacts with B. bronchiseptica by ELISA but natural B. avium infection in rats is unlikely

The specificity of a Bordetella bronchiseptica antibody ELISA for the monitoring of laboratory rodents  was re-evaluated by studying the serological relationship of the B. bronchiseptica antigen and antigens of  B. avium, B. hinzii, B. holmesii and an unclassified Bordetella sp. Immunization of rats with B. avium  strains induced antibodies to the B. bronchiseptica antigen. Bordetella antibody free rats that were experimentally  infected with a B. avium strain seroconverted to the bacterium but not to B. bronchiseptica and  were B. avium culture positive at one week postinfection but not at 6 weeks. Pathogen free rats exposed to  the B. avium infected rats remained free from any cultural or serological evidence of B. avium infection.  Lung lesions were not seen in experimentally infected and exposed rats. Natural B. avium infection in rats  therefore seems unlikely.

<i>In</i> <i>vitro </i>regulation of fibroblast growth factor 23 by 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D synthesized by osteocyte-like MC3T3-E1 cells

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is produced and secreted by osteocytes and is essential for maintaining phosphate homeostasis. One of the main regulators of FGF23, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3), is primarily synthesized in the kidney from 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) by 1α-hydroxylase (encoded by CYP27B1). Hitherto, it is unclear whether osteocytes can convert 25(OH)D and thereby allow for 1,25(OH)2D3 to induce FGF23 production and secretion locally. Here, we differentiated MC3T3-E1 cells toward osteocyte-like cells expressing and secreting FGF23. Treatment with 10-6 M 25(OH)D resulted in conversion of 25(OH)D to 150 pmol/L 1,25(OH)2D3 and increased FGF23 expression and secretion, but the converted amount of 1,25(OH)2D3 was insufficient to trigger an FGF23 response, so the effect on FGF23 was most likely directly caused by 25(OH)D. Interestingly, combining phosphate with 25(OH)D resulted in a synergistic increase in FGF23 expression and secretion, likely due to activation of additional signaling pathways by phosphate. Blockage of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) only partially abolished the effects of 25(OH)D or 25(OH)D combined with phosphate on Fgf23, while completely inhibiting the upregulation of cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp24a1), encoding for 24-hydroxylase. RNA sequencing and in silico analyses showed that this could potentially be mediated by the nuclear receptors Retinoic Acid Receptor β (RARB) and Estrogen Receptor 2 (ESR2). Taken together, we demonstrate that osteocytes are able to convert 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D3, but this is insufficient for FGF23 activation, implicating a direct effect of 25(OH)D in the regulation of FGF23, which occurs at least partially independent from its cognate VDR. Moreover, phosphate and 25(OH)D synergistically increase expression and secretion of FGF23, which warrants investigating consequences in patients receiving a combination of vitamin D analogues and phosphate supplements. These observations help us to further understand the complex relations between phosphate, vitamin D, and FGF23.</p